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The journey of 2-[[(3Ar,4S,6R,6As)-6-[[5-Amino-6-Chloro-2-(Propylthio)-4-Pyrimidinyl]Amino]Tetrahydro-2,2-Dimethyl-4H-Cyclopenta-1,3-Dioxol-4-Yl]Oxy]-Ethanol reflects the push for more sophisticated molecular solutions in pharmaceutical chemistry. Early on, pyrimidine derivatives gained attention due to their biological significance, primarily after breakthroughs in nucleic acid research during the mid-20th century. In that era, medicinal chemists started modifying core pyrimidine rings, bolting on functional groups to seek new applications in antiviral, antineoplastic, or antibacterial drugs. Over time, chemical companies started filing patents for synthetic routes that allowed scale-up under tightly controlled GMP settings. Fast-forward through iterative developments and regulatory milestones, BP, EP, and USP established specifications, and manufacturing optimization became a science of its own. Today, this compound serves as one of the more advanced examples of what precise stereochemistry and judicious side-chain choices can contribute to drug design and clinical outcomes.
To someone unfamiliar, the full chemical name reads like a tongue-twister. At its core, this molecule builds from a dioxolane ring fused with a pyrimidine system and sports both amino and chloro substituents—a blueprint that underpins a whole branch of small-molecule therapeutics. BP EP USP Pharma Grade versions of this molecule come with the kind of QC pedigree that gives regulators and pharma manufacturers confidence. Meeting these standards is never just about chemical purity. Analysts poke and prod these lots through a host of analytical instruments: high-resolution mass spectrometry, HPLC, elemental analysis. They look for everything from related substances and residual solvents to polymorphic forms and crystal habit. In the end, the pharma grade designation says you’re getting a product that fits tight monographs, from identity and strength to impurity profiles fit for direct formulation or advanced research work.
Looking at the structure, chemists think about solubility, stability, melt point, chirality, and possible hydrogen bonding. The compound shows off a white to off-white color, appearing as a crystalline solid in its purest form. Its molecular weight lands north of 380 g/mol, with a moderate to high melting range, keeping product stable at room temp in a dry space. Being a polyfunctional molecule, it reveals interesting polarity—a hydrophobic propylthio group on one end, balanced by hydroxyl and amino functions on another. Aqueous solubility stays limited, with higher affinity for solvents like DMF, DMSO, and alcohols, making it suitable for various galenic forms and solution reactions. UV-vis absorption spectra and NMR fingerprints demonstrate rich detail for analysts, especially given the compound’s chiral centers, which inform everything from formulation compatibility to regulatory submissions.
A shipment labeled under BP EP USP Pharma Grade rules contains not just material, but peace of mind. Packaging spells out batch numbers, manufacturing dates, retest or expiry periods, and clear storage instructions—often a recommendation for an inert atmosphere, desiccated conditions, and temperature control. Labels carry hazard statements based on recent GHS classification, precautionary notes, storage icons, and direct references to pharmacopeial conformance. Lot documentation runs deep, including full certificates of analysis, chromatograms, and signed traceability, from raw feedstock to final packing. Documentation also ties each batch to its process parameters, so anyone pulling a vial off the shelf in a formulation lab can dig straight into origins, analytical records, and safety sheets—an essential comfort in both regulated pharma and R&D environments.
The synthetic route for this compound typically runs through multistep organic transformations. Starting materials draw from pyrimidine derivatives, worked over with controlled halogenation and amino substitution steps, then pushed through thioalkylation to graft on the propylthio group. Skilled hands steer the reaction sequence to protect sensitive sites, such as the dioxolane ring, which appears later through a cyclocondensation with ketone or aldehyde intermediates. Rugged columns, inert atmosphere boxes, and precise temperature cycling keep the process both clean and reproducible, especially at pharma scale. Careful control of stereochemistry proves essential—nailing the (3Ar,4S,6R,6As) configuration grounds the compound’s safety and performance claims. Purification leans on a mix of crystallization, preparative HPLC, and, at times, recrystallization solvents. Yield management, solvent recovery, and safe waste disposal round out production, handing off a powder ready for QC and labeling.
The molecule’s structure practically invites creative chemists to tweak and tailor it. That central pyrimidine nucleus can take further substitutions, with the chloro group offering a handle for nucleophilic displacement reactions. The amino group allows coupling via peptide bond formation or urea linkages. On the other flank, the dioxolane and ethanol extensions give routes for forming prodrugs or exploring different solubility profiles. Selective oxidation or reduction reactions could modify peripheral groups, sometimes to unmask new pharmacological functions. In the lab, acylation, alkylation, and additional thiolation reactions help generate a library of analogs—a boon to medicinal chemistry teams looking to break through resistance profiles or patent cliffs.
A chemical this complex rarely answers to a single name. In industry circles, you encounter systematic synonyms based on IUPAC logic and shorter, code-derived monikers used in project folders or lab notebooks. Some R&D teams assign internal numbers; others lean on legacy names that date back to original CAS filings. Packaging from major suppliers matches pharma compliance terms, using national pharmacopeia designations like BP, EP, or USP, but may also point to local compendia from Japan, the US, or India. In trade, regulatory paperwork sometimes features alternate spellings or trade abbreviations, so staying sharp with cross-references keeps ordering, QA, and regulatory teams aligned.
Nobody working with this kind of pharmacological building block should lose sight of personal and environmental safety. Even before setting up a scale-up batch or prepping a formulation run, health and safety protocols get drilled in: gloves, eyewear, proper ventilation, and a plan for neutralizing spills. Safety Data Sheets go far beyond physical data—they spell out acute oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicity, give notes on mutagenicity or reproductive hazards, and carry advice on first aid and firefighting. The chloro and amino functionalities prompt careful storage—moisture or light can degrade the product, which impacts batch integrity and interpretability in stability studies. Waste streams, especially from halogenated intermediates, get managed via licensed disposal partners, and trained staff log every package in and out of secure storage. Compliance here comes from a blend of regulatory requirement and hard-won experience on the lab floor, where small cuts in protocol have big downstream effects.
Most people meet this compound only indirectly, inside finished pharmaceuticals or as a tool in advanced synthesis labs. Drug discovery teams see potential in its scaffold for making antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer candidates. The pyrimidine core mimics a motif found in various nucleoside analogues, important for interrupting DNA or RNA synthesis in infectious agents or tumorous cells. Sometimes, formulation scientists harness the compound’s solubility and functional groups to create injectable or oral preparations. Intellectual property filings hint at even wider uses—targeting metabolic, inflammatory, or genetic diseases with new analogs or tailored dosing forms. From my time consulting with process chemists, these molecules turn up in pilot lines, scale-up campaigns, and patents seeking new medical indications. By offering a modular platform, the compound opens up a stream of follow-on research and commercial potential.
R&D work on this molecule shows lively activity across continents. Medicinal chemists screen it in enzymatic assays and cell lines, looking for potent hits or optimized pharmacokinetics. Once a lead candidate emerges, animal toxicology and dosing studies start to chisel away unknowns around metabolism and excretion. Analytical chemists build methods for process validation, impurity tracking, and forced degradation studies, getting ready for licensing and eventual regulatory submission. Process development chemists factor in yield maximization, impurity reduction, and environmental footprint for upscaling. Feedback from bench to desk travels fast: synthetic roadblocks lead to route changes, clinical surprises prompt analog design, and regulatory updates push for even tighter analytical controls. Meetings can fill with debate over stereochemistry confirmation, polymorph selection, or excipient compatibility. Many days, the enthusiasm in project rooms comes not from big announcements, but from incremental gains—a cleaner NMR spectrum, a shorter reaction time, or a lower by-product peak.
The backbone of any pharma-grade intermediate evaluation includes robust toxicity screening. Preclinical testing for acute and chronic toxicity picks up on signals about organ risk, metabolic by-products, and cumulative exposure hazards. Researchers assess the impact on liver and kidney function, potential genotoxicity, and reproductive effects. Many pyrimidine-based compounds show a fine line between therapeutic effect and off-target toxicity. In vitro assays map out direct cellular interactions, while repeat-dose studies in mammalian models check for long-term safety under regulatory guidelines. The propylthio side chain often draws attention due to known metabolic liabilities with sulfur groups, leading teams to profile metabolites in microsomes and in vivo models. Clinical teams wait for these data before green-lighting candidate drugs for First in Human studies. Published studies on related compounds give a mixed record—some analogs show robust safety, others run into hurdles with specific patient groups or off-target enzyme inhibition. Internal risk committees make go/no-go decisions based on not just efficacy, but on the level of comfort around these toxicity numbers.
The story of 2-[[(3Ar,4S,6R,6As)-6-[[5-Amino-6-Chloro-2-(Propylthio)-4-Pyrimidinyl]Amino]Tetrahydro-2,2-Dimethyl-4H-Cyclopenta-1,3-Dioxol-4-Yl]Oxy]-Ethanol has no clear endpoint. Companies continue refining manufacturing, improving impurity profiles, optimizing yields, and developing greener synthesis. Patent filings keep popping up for new medical targets and delivery methods, opening doors to refined treatments for hard-to-treat illnesses. Regulatory agencies demand cleaner, safer, and more traceable supply chains, pushing quality standards ever upward. Conversations with process engineers often circle back to making synthesis more robust, finding alternative solvents, and running predictive toxicity and degradation simulations. The intersection of medicine, chemistry, and data continues to open new ground. For researchers, clinicians, and the wider public, the evolution of this compound mirrors the promise and challenge of modern pharmaceutical science: building ever-more precise and powerful medicines from the atomic level up, keeping both patient safety and scientific curiosity side by side.
Pharmaceutical compounds never fail to surprise with their tongue-twisting names, but hidden in the complexity is often a rational structure designed for a clear purpose. The chemical in question—2-[[(3Ar,4S,6R,6As)-6-[[5-Amino-6-Chloro-2-(Propylthio)-4-Pyrimidinyl]Amino]Tetrahydro-2,2-Dimethyl-4H-Cyclopenta-1,3-Dioxol-4-Yl]Oxy]-Ethanol—demonstrates how structural creativity drives pharmaceutical innovation. This mouthful tells a story of atoms joined to shape a precise biological effect.
A closer look at the name reveals core features: a tetrahydro-cyclopenta ring offers stability, the pyrimidine base common in nucleic acids brings biological compatibility, and elements like chlorine, amino, and propylthio chains tweak the reactivity or binding. Stereochemistry now plays a leading role in modern synthetic chemistry. Designating stereocenters such as 3Ar, 4S, 6R, and 6As means the molecule’s three-dimensional shape determines its function and absorption. That’s not academic fuss—take the difference between thalidomide’s isomers as an example of real-world stakes.
Worldwide labs track molecules with CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) numbers, offering a universal passport for scientists and regulators to know exactly what they’re talking about. For 2-[[(3Ar,4S,6R,6As)-6-[[5-Amino-6-Chloro-2-(Propylthio)-4-Pyrimidinyl]Amino]Tetrahydro-2,2-Dimethyl-4H-Cyclopenta-1,3-Dioxol-4-Yl]Oxy]-Ethanol, accuracy is non-negotiable, especially given the purity demands for BP, EP, and USP pharma grades. Hunting down correct CAS numbers from reliable databases like PubChem, ChemSpider, or SciFinder takes patience—a mistake at this step risks entire research batches or, worse, patient safety.
Following pharma grade standards like BP, EP, and USP keeps drugs consistent wherever they’re made or prescribed. These standards put a spotlight on quality, safety, and consistency. Patients trust that their medicines contain exactly what’s on the label. If a given molecule can slip through without crystal-clear identification—chemical structure, stereochemistry, and CAS—the system breaks down, opening doors to counterfeits or sub-par batches. Recent recalls in the global supply chain underscore the danger of any grey area in chemical authentication.
Chemical authenticity can’t be taken for granted. The growing market for active pharmaceutical ingredients brings both opportunity and risk. In my own experience in quality control for a generic medicine manufacturer, paperwork alone never told the full story. Only by going back to verified CAS numbers, raw material certificates, and analytical verification can a team confidently sign off on a lot. Shortcuts or guesswork cost much more down the line, especially if regulators later raise red flags over discrepancies.
Investing in digital traceability—blockchain, real-time batch analytics, centralized international CAS number databases—offers hope. Open communication between synthetic chemists, regulatory bodies, and purchasing managers also serves as a safety net. On the front lines, training chemists to interpret IUPAC descriptors and stereochemistry is vital for true understanding, not just paperwork filling. Responsibility doesn’t end at compliance—it continues through every experiment, shipment, and pill manufactured. Keeping the chemistry straight connects directly to safeguarding public health.
CAS Number: 144060-53-7Acetaminophen – known to most folks as paracetamol or Tylenol – finds a home in medicine cabinets across the globe. Anyone who’s nursed an annoying headache, muscle ache, or pesky fever probably knows the relief that comes with a single tablet. This common painkiller has stood the test of time not because it promises miracles, but because it gets the basics right. People trust it for mild to moderate pain, from dealing with a sprained ankle to the growing pains of childhood.
Science reveals that acetaminophen acts mainly in the brain, dampening the signals we sense as pain and regulating body temperature. Unlike nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, it doesn’t cause stomach irritation or carry the risk of bleeding. For anyone who’s had a sensitive stomach or who’s been warned away from aspirin because of a bleeding risk, acetaminophen brings welcome reassurance.
Those with chronic health issues such as arthritis sometimes pick acetaminophen as a gentler choice, especially if they need long-term pain relief. Its safety record stretches back generations, though caution remains part of the story.
Pharmacists and doctors see the harm up close. Acetaminophen offers relief, but only within clear boundaries. High doses put the liver in danger, and emergency rooms treat cases every day. The line between safety and damage hides in plain sight: just a few pills too many can tip a person into real trouble. In my years around the pharmacy, I’ve answered questions from anxious parents and older adults who want clear instructions – proof that people want to take medicine safely but sometimes feel overwhelmed by all the options.
Public health campaigns have tried to prevent accidental poisonings, especially among children. Clear labeling and smaller pack sizes in some countries reflect hard lessons learned over decades. Patients will admit they didn’t know how easy it is to overdose, especially if they mix different cold or flu remedies that quietly add up the doses.
Inside hospitals, acetaminophen steps up for those who can’t handle nonsteroidal drugs. Surgeons and cancer doctors often recommend it for patients with tricky medication profiles. Children fighting fever during infections count on it, since aspirin can cause rare but dangerous side effects in kids with viral illnesses. Even after vaccination, parents lean on acetaminophen to ease the discomfort and fever that sometimes follows shots.
Some surgery patients get intravenous acetaminophen. This route makes pain control possible without putting the gut at risk – a small medical victory for those on feeding tubes or with digestive complications. This use in acute care settings shows its value goes beyond store shelves.
With constant drug advertising and shelves crowded with similar brands, people crave clear advice. One step involves doctors and pharmacists carving out time to teach safe dosing habits. Patients not only need reminder cards but also real conversations about their medicine routines. Technology may offer another tool. Apps that track dose and schedule remind people in real time, cutting down on confusion at home, especially for busy caregivers.
Better education and clear instructions from healthcare professionals matter. People still turn to acetaminophen year in, year out, for the everyday aches of living. No matter its future, safe and responsible use will always sit at the core of its story.
People often overlook proper storage until a problem appears. Once a product changes color, clumps up, or loses its punch, it’s clear something went wrong. Even at home, the way things get stored makes a difference. Leave bread on the counter in a humid city, mold shows up by the next day. Put apples in a warm kitchen and they go soft before the week ends.
The same goes for manufactured goods, supplements, fresh food, and chemicals on a warehouse shelf. Temperature, light, oxygen, and humidity decide how well something holds up, whether it gets used up before its prime or sits forgotten and spoils. This isn’t only annoyance. Poor storage can waste money, cause safety hazards, or even wreck an entire batch of something people or patients rely on.
No product lasts forever. Even basic things like flour or tablets break down if kept too hot or left open to air. Heat speeds up most chemical reactions, including the ones that make nutrients break down or vitamins lose their potency. Exposing the wrong product to sunlight can trigger unwanted changes, sometimes even making it dangerous.
Moisture invites mold or causes powders to cake together. Oxygen turns oils rancid and can rust metal packaging. Even packaging itself plays a part. A good airtight container, an opaque bottle, or a food-grade liner can make the difference between something lasting months or spoiling in days.
Labels usually say “store in a cool, dry place” or give an expiration date. This basic advice sets a good baseline, but sometimes it skips the finer details. Most people read the date or storage line and forget all about it until the product stops working. Yet, real storage conditions inside a pantry or warehouse rarely match the controlled setup in a laboratory or factory.
That’s why paying attention beyond the label matters. If storing something that’s sensitive to air or moisture, such as certain vitamins or probiotics, using desiccants or resealing tightly keeps them potent longer. Products labeled “refrigerate after opening” really do need a cold spot, not a kitchen shelf, to stay safe and effective for weeks instead of days.
Smart storage saves headaches. Putting grains or supplements in airtight glass jars keeps humidity out. Using a thermometer in a storeroom or fridge shows if things are getting too warm. Even rotating stock, moving the oldest batch forward, helps keep everything fresh and reduces waste. In a business or clinic, regular audits and climate control cut surprises.
For more technical products—like specialty chemicals or pharmaceuticals—online databases or safety sheets spell out the acceptable range for temperature, light, and humidity. Staff training and signage help make sure people don’t skip simple but major steps. In homes, smaller steps work: keeping storage spaces off the ground, labeling containers with purchase dates, and avoiding sunlit shelves.
Shelf life shrinks fast if storage falters. Keeping an eye on those basic conditions limits loss, harm, and waste. Simple updates to habits and setups let every product reach its full potential, and help everyone—from producers to families—save costs and avoid trouble.
Pharmaceutical products serve a crucial role in healthcare. Purity isn’t an empty buzzword; it shields patients from hidden risks. Even trace amounts of contaminants can spell trouble for vulnerable groups—the immunocompromised, the elderly, and children. This makes pharmaceutical standards more than red tape; they’re safeguards for real people who count on that reliability.
Three titans lead the regulatory arena: the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP), and United States Pharmacopeia (USP). These are not marketing labels. Each one builds on years of expert and stakeholder feedback. They lay down the law about how pure a substance must be, what tests screen for impurities, and what analytical tools manufacturers use to check each lot.
BP, EP, and USP craft monographs for drugs and ingredients. A monograph tells exactly what should and shouldn’t be present. For example, paracetamol’s specification isn’t just “must be white powder”—it gets defined by exact chemical tests: melting point, loss on drying, allowable heavy metals, even things like total aerobic microbial count. This keeps products honest and comparable from one country to another.
People sometimes ask if all this paperwork really helps. As a pharmacist who’s seen a recall play out, the answer is clear: without stringent specs, manufacturers would skip steps to save costs. These specs catch errors early, before anyone’s health pays the price. In 2008, for example, contaminated heparin sourced outside standard pharmacopeial methods led to dozens of deaths and hundreds of reactions. The industry responded with stricter limits on oversulfated chondroitin sulfate—proof these monographs get written in real-world blood, sweat, and tears.
USP, BP, and EP often differ in impurity thresholds or test methods. USP favors certain instrumental assays, BP and EP might include additional microbiological checks for Europe’s standards. An API supplied for the US undergoes different scrutiny than one meant for the EU, and each region expects conformity to its standards. For global companies, this means triple the work, but patients across the world benefit from that caution.
Collaborative transparency is sorely needed. Some manufacturers still only offer a “meets BP/EP/USP” blanket statement. It takes suppliers willing to open their books—a full Certificate of Analysis, not just a summary—to help buyers verify every batch. Digital traceability tools deserve a place in the process. Blockchain or QR code-based verification lets a hospital pharmacy scan a code and see detailed batch tests in seconds, rooting out grey-market fakes.
Pharmacopoeias continue to evolve. Every revision incorporates new detection methods and narrows impurity limits. New impurities pop up as production methods change or as substances age. I’ve seen even long-approved generics receive updated monographs after a new breakdown product was detected in stability studies. This proves that real vigilance never stops; it becomes a shared mission among regulators, scientists, manufacturers, and caregivers.
Choosing raw materials isn’t just a procurement checkbox. Stakeholders—whether they’re pharmacists, hospital purchasing managers, or researchers—can push for the highest transparency level from suppliers. Demanding sight of full analytical data, not just minimum compliance, gives peace of mind to everyone down the supply chain.
Anyone who’s spent time around factories, warehouses, or shipping docks knows the sharp, tangy scent hanging in the air when chemicals roll in. Forklift operators look beefy, not only because of lifting but because of the mental pressure from knowing a small mistake with certain barrels or leaky drums can cause real harm. Truckers and warehouse staff memorize the colors and numbers on hazmat placards. For folks outside these industries, all those labels and checklists might look like overkill, but nothing gets enforced out of paperwork obsession. Every guideline in the manual comes from someone’s bad day.
Years ago, a buddy showed me the scars on his arms from a splash that “shouldn’t have happened.” It came down to skipping gloves for five minutes to adjust a stuck valve. The chemical didn’t care about the clock. Turns out, you don’t always notice the burn until it’s too late. Stories like this shape modern rules. Regulations—like those set by OSHA, the Department of Transportation, and the EPA—aren’t about controlling people, but about stopping stories like that from repeating. For certain chemicals, regulations ban open containers. Specific pallets and tie-downs get used for liquid containers, and storing acids and solvents in the same area can land a company a fine or get someone hurt.
Personal protective equipment should fit right. Goggles that fog in the first five minutes won’t help anyone—nobody keeps theirs on if they can’t even see the load. Genuine safety comes from supplies that workers actually wear. When shipping or receiving, crew checks paperwork and container seals in the daylight, watching for faded labels or signs a drum has bulged. Certain chemicals demand insulated gloves, spill kits, and emergency wash stations standing by before anyone goes near the pallet.
In the shipping yard, carriers use placards that grab your eye even in the rain, with bold numbers matching details on the bill of lading. These help emergency responders if something tips over. Regular drills run staff through spill response routines—rolls of absorbent material, neutralizer on hand, and somebody trained in calling in the professionals fast when needed.
Companies do more than follow laws out of fear of fines. Losses after an incident dwarf the cost of protective gear or hiring a safety manager. Lost workdays, ruined machinery, and toxic residue that lingers in a warehouse can break a business. Insurance companies pay attention: premium hikes follow even small accidents. In tight labor markets, word gets out about unsafe plants. Getting the basics right—good containers, strong training, regular inspections—builds a reputation that attracts skilled workers and helps a community trust the local industry.
Technology has made meeting these rules less of a hassle than before. Digital records back up every load’s paperwork trail, and mobile apps let teams scan QR codes on drums. New packaging designs resist punctures and leaks better than the rusty steel drums of the past. Training videos show what can go wrong, not just endless slides about guidelines. People actually learn from them.
It all adds up to a simple truth—handling chemicals safely keeps people alive and businesses running. Every label, every glove, every rule in the book came from the lesson of someone who wished they had it sooner.
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 596.4 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
