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Back in the late 1800s, chemists started isolating various fatty alcohols from natural sources, trying to understand their characteristics and potential uses. Oleyl alcohol, also called octadecen-1-ol, soon caught their interest. This compound emerged from the quest to modify castor oil and olive oil for soap and cosmetic formulations. Through the years, the emphasis shifted to purity, especially for pharmaceutical and personal care uses. Regulatory codes like BP (British Pharmacopoeia), EP (European Pharmacopoeia), and USP (United States Pharmacopeia) arose out of the need for strict consistency in medicinal ingredients. These pharmacopeial standards began setting the tone for how oleyl alcohol got produced, labeled, and tested. Over decades, improvements in extraction and purification have made today’s pharma grades much safer than their earlier counterparts. Without those precise steps forward, pharmaceuticals relying on fatty alcohols wouldn’t deliver the same trust or safety.
Oleyl alcohol, with the chemical formula C18H36O, belongs to the family of unsaturated fatty alcohols. Its structure gives it a unique profile—a single double bond at the omega-9 position. The raw material for making pharma-grade oleyl alcohol often comes from high-oleic vegetable oils, including olive and canola. Pharma-grade standards demand careful purification to limit impurities like peroxides and saturated alcohols. What sets oleyl alcohol apart in pharma manufacturing? Beyond its emulsifying power and skin-feel, it acts as a medium to dissolve active ingredients and bolster absorption of medications across skin barriers. This niche makes it a staple in topical creams, ointments, and transdermal delivery patches.
In its pure form, oleyl alcohol appears as a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid, faintly smelling of wax. It solidifies at a modestly low temperature, usually below 13°C, because of its unsaturated bond. The density sits close to 0.84 g/cm³ at 20°C, lighter than water. It will not mix with water but dissolves in alcohol, chloroform, or ether—making it handy for various formulations. With a molecular weight of 268.48 g/mol and boiling point surpassing 330°C, it resists breakdown under common formulation processes. Its unsaturated bond not only affects stability but determines how compatible it feels on the skin. The double bond also means it is susceptible to oxidation, so antioxidants often keep it fresh in pharmaceutical blends.
Pharmacopeial oleyl alcohol comes with a battery of quality checks. Purity must exceed 98%, with low acid and peroxide values. Water content typically stays below 0.1%, preventing degradation and supporting reliable shelf life. Color, odor, and residue checks ensure patient comfort and dosing safety. Each batch bears a unique lot number, reference to manufacturer’s data, detailed handling advice, production and expiry dates, and regulatory compliance statements. Labels also flag storage temperatures, medical use warnings, and possible allergens. Only with detailed, accurate labeling can a pharmacist or researcher judge its place in a finished drug or test.
Manufacturers extract and purify oleyl alcohol using a blend of catalytic hydrogenation and distillation. They often start with natural triglycerides, saponifying the oil to free fatty acids. Catalytic hydrogenation partially saturates these fatty acids, yielding oleyl alcohol along with other byproducts. Careful fractional distillation follows, separating the target fraction based on its boiling point. Each stage—hydrogen pressure, reaction time, distillation cut-points—shapes the ultimate purity. Pharma-grade facilities must operate under GMPs (Good Manufacturing Practices), so contamination risks drop dramatically compared to industrial production. Each step brings tighter control, stricter limits on byproducts, and traceable documentation, which patient care expects.
Oleyl alcohol’s unsaturated bond is a doorway for chemical modification. It undergoes hydrogenation to make stearyl alcohol, a saturated sibling with different emollient and solubility traits. The hydroxyl group attaches well to acyl groups in esterification, creating the smoothening agents found in skin creams. Etherification, sulfation, and ethoxylation spawn new classes of surfactants based on the same backbone. Each reaction tweaks solubility, spreadability, and compatibility for different drug delivery needs. The flexibility proves essential for researchers looking to adapt textures, absorption rates, and even how quickly a patch delivers its dose. In pharma R&D labs, these pathways unlock new formulations and better drug performance.
Oleyl alcohol often appears on labels as cis-9-octadecen-1-ol, 9-octadecenol, or simply as olive oil alcohol, depending on local terminology. Some suppliers refer to it as adol 85 or derive names from their tradenames, reflecting the alcohol’s source or purity. BP, EP, and USP specifications stamp assurance of pharmacopeial grade, which signals stricter regulatory oversight compared to industrial or cosmetic grades. Recognizing these synonyms helps regulatory inspectors, pharmacists, and manufacturers avoid mix-ups, especially when importing from suppliers under different legal frameworks.
Working with pharma-grade oleyl alcohol means rigor in hygiene and environmental controls. Production lines must stay clear of cross-contamination from other fatty alcohols or non-pharma compounds. Protective gear, fume extraction, clean tankage, and continuous monitoring keep both workers and patients safe. Regulatory oversight watches for allergens, process residues, heavy metals, and microbe contamination. Despite its reputation for skin safety, poor purification or improper storage risks introducing irritants. Every pharmaceutical production site must document cleaning, sampling, waste management, and deviation handling, so both raw material and drug end up safe.
The reach of oleyl alcohol stretches from topical creams and gels to slow-release transdermal patches. In these applications, it enhances spreadability, boosts drug penetration, and keeps formulations stable. The cosmetic sector also turns to pharma-grade material when safety standards must be met, such as for baby products and sensitive skin care. Veterinary medicine brings yet another avenue, with the same demand for purity and gentleness, as animals benefit from the same low-irritation and solubilizing properties. Hospitals and compounding pharmacies trust it to build consistent, easy-to-administer medicines where irritation and unpredictability mean real-world risks.
Pharmaceutical R&D teams see oleyl alcohol as a flexible platform for new drug delivery vehicles. Ongoing projects combine oleyl alcohol with penetration enhancers or bioadhesives, aiming to get drugs through the skin or mucous membranes with fewer side effects. Scientists publish papers on its ability to form stable emulsions and micelles, shown to improve the absorption of notoriously insoluble drugs. The pharmaceutical industry watches these developments closely, as more predictable absorption translates to more effective therapies for everything from hormone disorders to chronic pain.
Toxicologists have given oleyl alcohol a thorough once-over to ensure safety for patients. Studies show limited irritation or sensitization except in those with rare sensitivities. Animal studies, at doses far above typical human exposure, produce mild or no adverse effects. In acute oral toxicity studies, rats withstand unexpectedly high doses before problems arise. Regulatory bodies, including the FDA and EMA, have set clear exposure limits based on this evidence. With most adverse reactions linked to contaminants from poor manufacturing, not the alcohol itself, purity drives patient safety. Even with this strong record, ongoing pharmacovigilance programs monitor rare or delayed reactions in real-world patients.
Looking ahead, the shift to greener, plant-derived excipients puts oleyl alcohol in a stronger position than ever. Sustainability pressures and the drive for renewable supply chains push manufacturers to source from non-GMO, certified crops. Research into novel drug delivery—nanoemulsions, microgels, lipid-based carriers—demands excipients with flexible structures and gentle skin profiles. As chronic diseases rise and pharmaceuticals look more at at-home treatments, excipients that combine safety, compatibility, and environmental stewardship earn greater importance. The push for digital traceability in pharma means raw materials like oleyl alcohol must carry complete origin-to-finish records, reducing the risk of supply chain interruptions. Oleyl alcohol’s long history and adaptability signal a strong future as part of the solution to safer, more effective medication delivery.
Oleyl alcohol isn’t some new invention, and its roots stretch across both industrial and healthcare landscapes. In my years working with raw material sourcing for pharmaceutical production, I’ve watched this compound pop up in many places. Its presence is felt in topical creams, emulsions, and even cosmetic formulations, thanks to its emollient and surfactant traits. What makes it stand out? Oleyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol, usually derived from natural oils like olive or beef tallow, which helps products glide on gently and feel pleasant against the skin. For people with sensitive or irritated skin, this matters in a big way.
Walk down the aisle in a pharmacy and pick up a moisturizing lotion, medicated cream, or even some makeup removers—oleyl alcohol often sits on the back label. Its job doesn’t just stop at softening; it binds oil and water together so formulas don’t separate. This feature brings consistency and reliability to every batch, letting patients and customers get the same texture and performance from a product, day after day. The British Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and United States Pharmacopeia all set strict standards for its purity, which reassures both manufacturers and end-users about safety and quality.
Many pharmacists I’ve worked with have run into problems when creams feel greasy, separate quickly, or aggravate patients’ skin. Oleyl alcohol helps solve these headaches by reducing friction and making everything hold together. In transdermal patches and ointments, it helps medicines move through the skin. That’s a technical challenge in topical drug delivery—not all active ingredients pass through easily, so permeability enhancers like oleyl alcohol often step up. Studies show it increases the effectiveness of various active pharmaceutical ingredients in dermal therapies, improving absorption and patient outcomes.
Any raw material for drugs, even those used in cosmetics, gets a lot of scrutiny. Pharma grade oleyl alcohol must be free from heavy metals, pesticides, or contaminants that can slip into lower-quality ingredients. Regulatory authorities, including the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, keep a close watch on this. When manufacturers rely on trusted suppliers, the risk for impurities drops, and patients can feel more confident in what touches their skin. I remember a case where a skincare brand had to recall products after a batch contained impurities—those kinds of problems encourage even stricter adherence to pharma-grade sourcing.
Plant-based sourcing is gaining popularity for health and environmental reasons, but that shift calls for careful supplier verification. Synthetic options sometimes offer consistency, yet they raise questions for people with allergies or those seeking greener choices. Transparent labeling helps consumers make informed decisions.
Oleyl alcohol is not a miracle solution, but it does its job quietly and reliably in the background. For people like me who bridge the gap between manufacturing and pharmacy, its role as a stabilizer, softener, and enhancer is worth understanding. Keeping up with stricter regulations, better supplier monitoring, and rising consumer preferences for ethical ingredients can help harness the benefits of oleyl alcohol, all while minimizing risks along the way.
Fine chemicals rarely get the spotlight outside the labs and factories that shape daily life, but Oleyl Alcohol, known also as cis-9-octadecen-1-ol, quietly underpins a lot of pharmaceutical manufacturing. I’ve seen formulators rely on this long-chain fatty alcohol to act as an emulsifying agent, a solvent, or a base for ointments and transdermal drugs. To reach this trusted status, Oleyl Alcohol in BP (British Pharmacopoeia), EP (European Pharmacopoeia), and USP (United States Pharmacopeia) grades must show extremely high purity.
Pharma grade demands a minimum purity of 98%. Genuine BP, EP, and USP-grade Oleyl Alcohol pushes that to 98.5% purity or above, with impurities like saturated alcohols, total impurities, and water kept at levels well under 1%. Moisture content usually lands below 0.2%. Unsaponifiable matter must not exceed the specifications set by each pharmacopeia—typically less than 2%. These numbers aren’t arbitrary; even a fraction out of range brings real-world consequences, especially for drug safety.
These standards stem not from marketing brochures but from analytical runs using gas chromatography and other validated methods. Every manufacturer’s certificate of analysis needs to back up purity claims with data: assay minimums (98-99%), and tight limits for peroxide value, iodine value, and acid number. Peroxide value below 10 meq O2/kg stops rancidity before it starts, while acid value capped at 1 guarantees minimal breakdown.
It isn't easy or cheap to hit this bar. I’ve seen labs spend days refining processes to reduce water or unsaponifiable content. Feedstock quality plays a role—refined olive, soy, or other seed oils often start the journey, but without tight controls, the story ends in contamination, off-odors, and visible color changes. A pharma-grade product needs to appear clear and nearly colorless, so a slightly yellow batch sends up a red flag.
It might sound fussy compared to food- or industrial-grade chemicals. There’s good reason: even tiny levels of residual pesticides or heavy metals—lead below 5 ppm and arsenic under 2 ppm—can cause issues if they creep into creams, capsules, or solutions applied to the skin or mucous membranes. Purity ensures that reactions go as planned and prevents unintended effects in finished pharmaceuticals.
Manufacturers constantly weigh the cost of extra purification steps against customer and patient safety. Everyone in the chain, from the QA lab analyst to the pharmacist dispensing a compounded medicine, trusts that a “pharma grade BP/EP/USP” label signals a product that won’t compromise someone’s health. Lax oversight or shortcuts have direct costs: drugs that don’t work, ointments that cause rashes, regulatory recalls no one wants to face.
One way to keep trust high is open sharing of analytical data, not just the minimum spec sheet. Full traceability back to raw material batches and regular GMP audits protect both users and manufacturers. For buyers, asking the tough questions about source, method, and every tech spec beats relying on vague marketing claims.
Every time I see a batch pass through release without fail, it isn’t just a formality. It's a reminder that behind ORDINARY lotions or tablets sits a world where the smallest impurity can ripple out and affect countless lives. For many industries, close only counts in horseshoes. In pharmaceuticals, only precision and purity do.
Oleyl alcohol lands on a lot of product labels, from skin creams to medicinal ointments. In pharmacies and labs, it often takes the BP, EP, or USP pharma grade. For those working in the real world—behind pharmacy counters, in skincare labs, or even formulating at home—clarity matters. Oleyl alcohol comes from natural fats and oils, usually vegetable sources. Sometimes, people seem wary of anything with 'alcohol' in the name, but not every alcohol dries skin or irritates the body.
People working with pharma-grade oleyl alcohol rely on strict quality standards. Each grade, whether it’s British Pharmacopoeia (BP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP), or United States Pharmacopeia (USP), follows documented checks for purity and contaminants. The grade isn’t a marketing puff—it means third-party testing and transparency. That brings better safety, for patients taking prescribed medications and consumers lathering up with creams every morning.
In creams and ointments, this chemical works as an emollient. In real-world use, that means it helps maintain skin moisture and texture. Nobody likes greasy or drying creams. With medications, Oleyl alcohol can mix oil-soluble and water-soluble ingredients, helping active drugs do their job. Drugs like topical steroids stay stable and spread more evenly because of it.
Pharmaceutical allegiance to standards goes beyond paperwork. Each batch faces tests for heavy metals, residual solvents, and unintended by-products. As someone who’s checked ingredient certificates for years, I see the value in these steps. In cosmetics, a poorly sourced ingredient can ruin a product with irritation claims and complaints. That doesn’t happen when pharma grade is non-negotiable.
Skin sensitivity comes up in any product containing excipients. But common use cases for Oleyl alcohol, both in topical medications and commercial skincare, show it carries a low risk of irritation for most folks. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel evaluated its safety for leave-on and rinse-off products, and they found it safe under typical conditions. Allergic reactions remain rare. I often see it recommended for even sensitive skin, as it softens and replenishes the skin’s natural feel.
While the ingredient feels safe, real oversight comes from watchdog agencies. The FDA in the United States requires disclosure and limits on impurities in any pharma-grade excipient. European health authorities check similar boxes. These regulatory steps mean a pharma-grade label carries more weight than a marketing claim slapped onto a shampoo bottle.
Some critics worry about environmental sourcing or contaminants from shortcuts in manufacturing. The answer circles back to regulated sourcing and batch traceability. If a manufacturer sources from reputable suppliers and backs it up with testing—no cut corners—it keeps end products safer. Auditing supply chains helps prevent impurities and trace unwanted byproducts.
Informing consumers makes a real difference. Labels should show clear sourcing and grade. People deserve to know if an ingredient is truly pharma grade. For industry insiders, I’d argue more frequent quality audits reduce long-term costs and liabilities.
Oleyl alcohol in BP, EP, or USP grades stands up to scrutiny through regulatory documentation and years of broader use. The real key—science-backed standards and transparency—shapes trust and safety whether it’s heading into a pharmaceutical tube or a luxury moisturizer. Honest communication and tough oversight deliver the kind of reliability people remember, whether they’re a patient or someone looking for smoother skin.
Ask any pharmacist or chemist about pharmaceutical standards and they’ll tell you: the smallest slip in storage can wipe out months of careful work. Oleyl Alcohol BP EP USP Pharma Grade isn’t just another ingredient. It lands on the receiving dock with a string of expectations and legal requirements. People count on pharma products to be safe and consistent, so everything that goes into them deserves attention to detail, especially something as often-used as oleyl alcohol.
Pharmaceutical oleyl alcohol prefers a specific temperature range. Think cool, but not freezing—typically between 15°C and 25°C. Every veteran lab tech knows that storing bottles in overheated rooms or leaving them near production lines spells trouble. Heat degrades the quality bit by bit, leaving chemical profiles out of spec, and exposing the product to regulatory risks.
Humidity bumps up the danger. Water vapor in the air can find its way inside loosely sealed containers, which is a recipe for unwanted microbial growth or hydrolysis. This is not a chemistry classroom mistake—regulatory inspections look for these lapses, and fines can shut down production lines.
Oleyl alcohol doesn’t give off strong fumes, but dust and air particles still matter. Containers must be tightly sealed. In practice, this means quality control teams double check closures before shelving anything in storage. They log lot numbers and date opened, documenting every step. I’ve seen teams get lazy here—and the test results don't lie. Contamination often starts with something small, like a poorly closed cap or a quick scoop with an unclean spatula.
Shelf life ties directly to the quality of packaging. Pharmaceutical-grade oleyl alcohol comes in high-density polyethylene drums or dark glass bottles for a reason. Light and exposure to oxygen accelerate breakdown, turning a pure ingredient into something that fails regulatory assays. Clear glass on a sunny shelf might look appealing, but one short mistake like that can mean thousands of dollars in lost material.
Not every shelf works for every drum. Loading docks often tempt warehouse staff to leave containers lower to the ground for quick access, but this creates risks: direct sunlight, forklift accidents, and accidental spills. Elevating containers and using climate-controlled storage isn’t luxury, it’s part of good manufacturing practice.
Quality starts with basic routine. Trained staff stick to gloves and lab coats. Oleyl alcohol might seem benign compared to some solvents, but skin contact isn’t a good idea. Spills, even the minor ones, go straight to spill kits—no improvisation. Many companies post step-by-step clean-up guides and run drills just like you’d see for a fire evacuation. Lax attitudes breed hazards.
Material Safety Data Sheets should be close by and not buried in digital folders people rarely open. Safety teams run audits to check that staff understand what steps to take if a drum leaks or if labeling comes off during shipping. Mistakes happen when people assume someone else will handle a mess or replace a faded label.
Records drive trust. Pharmaceutical companies must log every delivery, storage move, and sampling event. Regulators want to see a chain of custody with no broken links. Electronic tracking systems help prevent loss and let managers flag breaches before a batch moves out the door.
Keeping detailed logs also means you can trace any batch that tests off-spec all the way back to storage conditions or handling problems. This stops a small mistake from becoming a headline-grabbing recall.
Some might roll their eyes at protocols, but the reality is that proper storage and handling keep ingredients usable and finished products safe. People’s health depends on doing the job right every single time, and that’s bigger than any single supplier or batch.
Oleyl Alcohol BP EP USP Pharma Grade sees plenty of action in pharmaceutical labs and cosmetic factories. It often leaves production plants in either HDPE drums or steel containers — both options have their own pros and cons. HDPE drums offer decent protection from light and contamination, plus they handle moisture pretty well during shipment or warehouse storage. Steel drums step up for longer routes, dealing better with temperature swings or rougher handling. Across the board, suppliers stick with containers that seal tightly, for a simple reason: even the most minute leak invites in oxygen or moisture, both capable of knocking quality off balance before a manufacturer even cracks a bottle open.
From experience, the true test comes months after that first delivery. Workers stacking drums in the warehouse want clear labeling and batch numbers, not just for compliance but for quick tracking. Regulatory bodies – whether it’s the FDA in the States or the EMA in Europe – ask for tightly controlled, traceable storage conditions. Shippers mark drums with date of manufacture, batch code, and full regulatory spec documentation. It’s the kind of thing one might overlook during busy shifts, but having that info on hand saves hours during audits and inspections, and more importantly, helps catch any sign of product going past its prime.
Oleyl Alcohol in pharma grade usually gives two years of solid shelf life from date of manufacture, provided storage doesn’t get sloppy. Shelves kept at steady room temperature, away from sunlight, hold onto product vitality much longer. Every batch comes with its own Certificate of Analysis and expiry date, so it helps to rotate stock using a "first in, first out" habit. Even so, I’ve seen products kept past their expiry, hoping to squeeze in one more use. In regulated settings, that shortcut can mean trouble — not just quality risk, but a real threat to patient or consumer safety if the ingredient has degraded.
Trust in oleyl alcohol doesn’t just hinge on what’s printed on a drum. Reliable producers go for pharma-grade facilities certified to GMP or equivalent standards. They track every step of their supply chain, cutting the risk of in-transit degradation. For users, checking on the credibility of the source, and asking for up-to-date lab analysis on each order, delivers more value than just scanning a label for batch numbers.
Oleyl Alcohol’s shelf life and value only stand up if users keep the basics in mind: keep unopened containers tightly closed, avoid storing near direct heat or sunlight, and don’t take risks with expired stock. Simple, practical habits make a difference, not just ticking regulatory boxes but keeping real-world products safe for the end user. Industry talk often drifts toward compliance checklists, but at its core, this is about respecting the people who rely on that ingredient — whether they’re making lotion or something that ends up in a patient’s IV bag. Strong supplier relationships, good records, and clear-cut packaging choices help everyone down the line work with confidence.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | (Z)-Octadec-9-en-1-ol |
| Other names |
Cis-9-Octadecen-1-ol Oleic alcohol Octadecenol Octadecen-1-ol 9-Octadecenol 1-Octadecenol Oleyl alcohol, pure Phytol oleyl alcohol |
| Pronunciation | /ˈoʊliːl ˈælkəˌhɒl/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 143-28-2 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1721817 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:36457 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1544864 |
| ChemSpider | 65644 |
| DrugBank | DB14115 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 03b7c9b2-28a5-4df8-8d0d-8fea43b4e3a6 |
| EC Number | 203-982-0 |
| Gmelin Reference | 6656 |
| KEGG | C08284 |
| MeSH | D009814 |
| PubChem CID | 8871 |
| RTECS number | SD0825000 |
| UNII | 4MZR4H8EAF |
| UN number | UN3082 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID0060342 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C18H36O |
| Molar mass | 268.49 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear, colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 0.81 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | 7.6 |
| Vapor pressure | <1 mm Hg (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | Acidity (pKa): 16 |
| Basicity (pKb) | The basicity (pKb) of Oleyl Alcohol BP EP USP Pharma Grade is **"pKb > 14"**. |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | Diamagnetic |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.454 – 1.458 |
| Viscosity | 24 – 32 cSt (at 20°C) |
| Dipole moment | 4.96 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 619.0 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -376 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -9315 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | D11AX19 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | May cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, Warning, Skin Irrit. 2, Eye Irrit. 2 |
| Pictograms | GHS07,GHS08 |
| Signal word | No Signal Word |
| Hazard statements | Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008. |
| Precautionary statements | Keep container tightly closed. Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Use personal protective equipment as required. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | NFPA 704: 0-1-0 |
| Flash point | > 220°C |
| Autoignition temperature | > 300°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (Rat, oral): > 2,000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral, rat: >5000 mg/kg |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) for Oleyl Alcohol BP EP USP Pharma Grade: Not established. |
| REL (Recommended) | 3 mg/kg bw |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Cetyl alcohol Stearyl alcohol Lauryl alcohol Myristyl alcohol Behenyl alcohol |
Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
