Contact Us
Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
© 2025 Jeifer Pharmaceutical, All Right
Reserved.
Polyacrylic acid traces its roots to the earlier part of the 20th century, where eager chemists looked to build polymers that could handle water. Widespread recognition came in the post-war years as pharmaceutical manufacturers started hunting for binders and controlled-release agents that behaved predictably with medicine, food, and cosmetics. The story stretches from humble laboratory curiosity to a backbone of pharmaceutical formulations where safety, consistency, and reliability get the full spotlight.
Polyacrylic acid resin appears mostly as a white, granular or powdery substance. Most suppliers stick to BP, EP, and USP standards. That’s more than a badge—it reflects a lot of scrutiny and reliability for pharma-grade use. What makes it stand out is its carboxylic acid backbone. This backbone isn’t just for show; it enables the molecule to grab onto water and form gels. Those gels help slow down or speed up the release of medication in tablet coatings and other delivery formats, something any patient depending on timed release will appreciate.
Folks in the lab recognize polyacrylic acid resin for its impressive swelling in water. That’s a trait linked to its heavy presence of carboxyl groups. Take it into a solution, and it’s usually clear, with a pH shifting around the acidic range. You’ll find molecular weights in the thousands or even millions. As a solid it handles room temperature with ease and only reluctantly dissolves in non-polar solvents. In the context of pharma, its purity matters. Crosslinking degree, residual solvents, and content of bound monomer can make or break a formulation. And with so much chemistry packed into each gram, accuracy in physical spec testing keeps bad batches from ever leaving the warehouse.
Buy a drum of this resin and the certificate might stretch a few pages: molecular weight distribution, residual solvents, heavy metal content, volatile impurities, microbial levels, ash content, viscosity profiles. All these details show up on the fine print and serve as more than just regulatory hurdles—they give lab techs the reassurance that any modification or blending they do won’t end up in regulatory nightmares or failed stability tests. GMP-driven environments have no patience for ambiguity, and tracking lot numbers plus expiry dates goes right to the heart of patient safety. This means factories have to underline every single handling detail, from moisture-protective packaging to strict batch-trace records.
Industry most often turns to free radical polymerization of acrylic acid. Chemists mix purified acrylic acid monomers with initiators like ammonium or potassium persulfate. Reaction conditions depend on temperature and pH, but the recipe commonly unfolds in water, forming long, tangled chains that later dry as powders or beads. The story doesn’t end there. Crosslinking steps, whether done with divinyl glycol or other crosslinkers, decide if the material swells a little or a lot. Workers must control reaction time and temperature closely, cleaning up unreacted monomers with exhaustive washes and filtration. Consistency can’t be left to chance.
After synthesis, the structure is ripe for further tweaking. Carboxylic groups along the backbone open the door for neutralization with sodium or potassium hydroxide, making sodium polyacrylate variants found in drug coatings and personal care products. Further, chain length and crosslinking density get adjusted to modify water absorption and gel strength, crucial for products that need to swell fast or slow. Researchers continue to stretch its versatility by grafting, blending, or attaching bioactive molecules, finding new ways to increase compatibility with active pharmaceutical ingredients. These chemical sidesteps make the material more than just a bulk commodity—they drive innovation at the tablet-press, blister-pack, and liquid dosing line.
In product catalogs and regulatory filings, polyacrylic acid resin breaks out under names such as Carbomer, Polyacrylate resin, and superabsorbent polymer. Some see E numbers in food or excipient listings, or call it by specific registry references under various pharmacopoeias. Every manufacturer likes to brand it in their own way, but pharmacists usually know exactly what they're looking for—consistent water absorption, tight molecular weight selection, and reliable safety profiles, no matter the marketing name.
Operators who handle the resin don protective gear to avoid inhaling dust or getting it in their eyes. Product storage happens in sealed, dry areas to keep it from picking up moisture or odors. Regulatory compliance follows USP, BP, and EP monographs closely, but companies also write their own SOPs to go above basic safety measures—regular monitoring for residual solvents, allergenic impurities, and phase purity reduces risk to downstream users. Pharmacies and manufacturers keep detailed records, maintaining traceability for any investigation or recall. Pharmaceutical companies must consider the entire lifecycle, from delivery to final disposal, making stewardship a constant theme in day-to-day management.
This resin takes center stage in pharmacy labs for binder and thickening roles. It holds tablets together, forms protective gels, and helps control how drugs move through the gut. In eye drops and skin creams, it creates a soothing, smooth texture without interfering with active ingredients. Beyond human medicine, it finds uses in wound care, dental adhesives, and even animal health. Patient-friendly delivery turns out easier with these resins, offering better swallowing experiences and better control of side effects. The reach isn’t limited to pills—thickened suspensions and slow-release liquids benefit the same way.
The push for better controlled-release formulations has put this resin under the research spotlight for decades. Scientists investigate grafting techniques that bolster compatibility with sensitive actives or seek greener, less energy-intensive manufacturing routes. Biodegradability and biocompatibility studies continue, since environmental pressures and patient concerns never go away. Efforts to lower residual monomer limits, sharpen molecular weight control, and improve stability under heat and humidity have only grown. The conference floors at CPhI and other pharma summits buzz with fresh papers on new grades and specialized blends. These studies target the same goals: greater patient safety, cleaner manufacturing, and sharper performance.
Most pharmaceutical literature reports a low acute toxicity for polyacrylic acid at prescribed use levels. Researchers still go deep—animal and in vitro studies explore not only immediate effects but also long-term exposure and excretion. Regulatory filings demand a detailed run-down: potential for immune reactions, skin irritation, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, effects from repeated dosing. Years of toxicology analysis reveal minimal absorption into the bloodstream after oral or topical exposure, though the most cautious manufacturers repeat these studies for every new grade and application. Patient safety rides on these results, and regulators hold companies to high standards, scrutinizing every line of new data.
As biologics gain ground and chronic disease therapies multiply, demand for safer and more sophisticated excipients rises. Polyacrylic acid resin sits at a crossroads. Engineers look for ways to make it from renewable sources or design smarter, more responsive hydrogels for needle-free delivery or targeted release. Synthetic tweaks to improve bioadhesion, reduce processing costs, or boost compatibility with protein drugs could reshape tomorrow’s medicine cabinets. There’s a growing call for better environmental performance—completely degradable grades for eco-sensitive regions, less reliance on fossil inputs, and smarter waste management. Regulatory reforms will only tighten expectations, but this resin’s established record keeps it firmly on the must-consider list for new formulation development.
Every time I talk with pharmacists or scientists in drug development, Polyacrylic Acid Resin II comes up. Its pharma-grade quality gives it a special place in the design of tablets and capsules. This material can swell with water or other fluids and keep its shape, which changes the way a pill releases its medicine. Timed or slow-release formulas often depend on this exact feature. Through this resin, patients with chronic conditions like arthritis or blood pressure troubles can take one pill at breakfast and count on it to release medicine throughout the day. No one wants to keep track of pills all day. Pills that contain this polymer often bring peace of mind.
Unpleasant flavors and odors turn people away from sticking with their treatment plans. I’ve encountered children and older adults who resist life-saving medicine only because of the taste. Polyacrylic Acid Resin II helps coat bitter or metallic flavors. The resin forms a barrier around the active ingredient, only letting the drug release when it’s past the mouth and throat. This barrier doesn’t just help with taste—it protects sensitive ingredients from stomach acid, which can sometimes degrade precious drugs before they reach the bloodstream.
Pharma-grade standards mean this resin gets used in formulas where safety and predictability matter. Polyacrylic Acid Resin II thickens liquids—think suspensions or gels. Drug developers prize it for keeping ingredients stable in liquid form, even during long shipping or storage. Complaints about separated or sludgy syrups come up far less often when a trusted polymer like this one holds everything together. That matters for rural clinics and overworked pharmacists. Less waste, less confusion, and more confidence in what the label promises.
Some patients cannot take medications on an empty stomach, and others need drugs absorbed only in the intestine. Formulators rely on Polyacrylic Acid Resin II as a protective shield for tablets and granules. It dissolves at a specific pH, usually in the higher, less acidic part of the gut. This triggers the targeted release of medication. For ulcer drugs and delicate enzymes, this approach avoids stomach acid, leading to better health outcomes. Research tracks higher treatment success when drugs arrive at the right spot, in the right amount.
Years ago, a colleague worked on a pediatric syrup where two important ingredients kept separating. It turned off worried parents, who would rather avoid “shaking well before use.” After switching to a Polyacrylic Acid Resin II-based stabilizer, complaints dropped. Kids received the correct dose each time. Solid, thoughtful choices in excipients matter as much as flashy new drug molecules. Polyacrylic Acid Resin II bridges the technical gaps, helping patients trust what they take.
The push for easier, more consistent medicine does not stop. Polyacrylic Acid Resin II delivers on safety, reliability, and convenience. Clear regulation from BP, EP, and USP builds trust for hospitals, pharmacies, and consumers. The science keeps evolving, but keeping patients comfortable and safe will always be worth the extra effort in formulation.
Walking through any pharmaceutical or chemical warehouse, the labels “BP”, “EP”, and “USP” don’t just serve as alphabet soup—they represent much more in the world of Polyacrylic Acid Resin II. Years spent working in quality control taught me how every letter stamped on a drum tells a story about where that resin comes from, how tough the standards are, and what doctors, pharmacists, and regulators can expect from the material inside.
BP always lands me in conversation about tradition and British pharmacopoeia rules. In the UK and countries linked to its regulatory system, Polyacrylic Acid Resin II carrying this label has to pass the bar set by the British Pharmacopoeia. Testing focuses on things like impurity profiles, residual solvents, pH, and toxicity risks. Inspectors want to know: Will this resin behave just as predicted in every batch? The BP book provides those standards in black and white, and the pharma companies confirm every step.
During my days in sourcing, I found BP resin often chosen by companies shipping to the Commonwealth. They’re not just ticking boxes; they want peace of mind—knowing that the resin won’t ruin a batch of stomach-resistant pills or enteric-coated tablets. Patients trust that a BP-grade resin sticks to predictability and safe consumption.
The European Pharmacopoeia pushes things even further—sometimes overlapping with BP, but often a touch stricter. Sitting through a training run by German regulators, I learned how EP standards sweep across every EU-member country, aligning so medicines remain consistent from Paris to Prague. For Polyacrylic Acid Resin II, this means tighter thresholds for contaminants and an expanded list of monograph requirements.
Labs within the EU run detailed chromatography and spectrophotometry, digging into each batch to guarantee the resin isn’t sneaking in extra sodium or heavy metals. The documentation trail can get intense, but the trade-off is safety. For European patients, these stricter checks pay off in drugs that deliver their dose right on time, without bitter surprises. Anyone who’s ever fought a tough regulatory audit knows EP makes the paperwork thick—but for good reason.
On the American side, USP stands for the United States Pharmacopeia, and it shapes much of the supply shipped across the states. I’ve seen USP Polyacrylic Acid Resin II treated as the “default” by U.S. buyers, emphasizing purity and performance but with some testing parameters set at levels the FDA calls out.
USP grade often shines in an environment centered on litigation risk. Suppliers must regularly audit, test, and trace every shipment—outcomes matter more than promises. Any recall taught the value of those certificate-of-analysis printouts. USP requirements check not only for mechanical properties but also for residual solvents, moisture levels, and microbial limits, always prepared for a regulatory knock at the door.
The debate over grades shapes more than a warehouse or a lab—it ripples to the person picking up a bottle from the pharmacy shelf. Hospitals can't gamble with a material’s quality if someone’s life depends on a time-release formulation. Each pharmacopeial grade backs up its claims with layers of testing, internal audits, and compliance checks.
For manufacturers stuck between global regulations, regular cross-batch testing makes sense. Working with reputable suppliers and pushing for harmonized standards—both in test methods and documentation—moves the needle forward. Investors, analysts, and patients all live with the results. The stakes stay high, and the details always count.
Every product carries its own story once it leaves the production line. It faces bumps in trucks, changes in temperature, and a world filled with dust, moisture, and even sunlight sneaking through a warehouse window. If you’ve ever seen a bag of flour clump up or a bottle of syrup crystallize, you know that how something is stored changes everything. It doesn’t matter if we're talking about medication locked behind the pharmacy counter or a simple box of cereal on the kitchen shelf.
Temperature seems obvious, but many forget how a storage room heats up in the summer or chills during a winter night. Most products ask for a cool, dry place somewhere between 15 and 25°C. Heat speeds up chemical reactions, spoils food, and can even make some vitamins in supplements useless. Cold isn’t always a friend, either. I remember seeing glass bottles crack because someone set them near the freezer vent. The damage isn’t always visible, but over time, products lose color, turn bitter, even become unsafe.
Humidity creeps up quietly. If you live in a coastal city, you already know what moisture can do to pasta, crackers, or certain vitamins. Cardboard turns soft, labels peel off, and powders clump together. Silica gel packets inside some packaging reveal that even a little water vapor ruins the day. For items sensitive to water, sealed containers or moisture-proof packaging hold the line against soggy disaster.
Sunlight carries energy that does real damage over time. UV rays change the structure of dyes and flavors. Medicines and cosmetics grow weaker or start breaking down into byproducts that could make someone sick. Think about that bottle of cough syrup left out on the windowsill, its color fading after a week. That’s not just a change in looks—it signals loss of quality. Opaque packaging keeps these rays away for a reason, and storing products away from windows only helps.
Manufacturers print a best-before or use-by date based on testing under controlled conditions. Think clean storage, stable temperature, and no wild swings in humidity. Real world conditions rarely match these. Crackers might stay crunchy for a month past their date if sealed tightly in a cool pantry, but a steamy kitchen ruins them a week after you open the box. Medicines marked good for two years can drop in strength if stored in a hot glove compartment rather than a drawer at home.
Storing goods up off the ground stops rodents and bugs from finding a home. Shelving and bins help air move, so there’s less risk of mold or musty smells. Rotating stock using the oldest products first keeps you from getting stuck with a batch gone stale. Watching for odd smells, soft spots, or color changes gives an early warning before a product turns bad. These habits make the most of every dollar spent, stop waste, and keep everyone safe.
Regulatory bodies like the FDA or EFSA offer rules for storage and shelf life, but real safety depends on attention at every link of the chain. Just following the recommended temperature, staying away from moisture, and keeping things out of direct sunlight already cuts most risks. From the factory shelf to our kitchen cabinets, the way we store a product shapes its story—and every small decision counts toward quality and safety.
Most people outside of pharmaceutical manufacturing don’t hear much about polyacrylic acid resin II. For those working with tablets and controlled-release dosage forms, it’s a backbone of modern pharmacy. The stuff acts as a binder or controlled-release matrix in pill coatings, giving manufacturers a way to manage how medicine gets released in the body. Plenty of pills out there would fall apart or dump all their ingredients at once without it.
Any time an ingredient goes into medicine, safety and compliance aren’t just formalities—they protect people’s lives. Over the years, I’ve seen industry shift focus from cost-cutting to patient-focused choices, largely because customers grow more informed and regulators keep tightening rules.
Polyacrylic acid resin II must hit standards set by major pharmacopoeias like the USP (United States Pharmacopeia), EP (European Pharmacopoeia), and JP (Japanese Pharmacopoeia). Each sets clear chemical, physical, and purity requirements. Some companies try to push product that claims to meet standards, but batch records sometimes tell a different story.
The USP, EP, and JP create extensive standards for pharmaceutical raw materials. Polyacrylic acid resin II needs to be pure, with controlled molecular weight, minimal residual monomers, and limited heavy metals. The resin must avoid contamination and unpredictable breakdown in the body. Regulators don’t care about manufacturer reputation; they check test results from each batch and require traceable records.
One surprising fact: impurities cause problems, not the polymer itself. Residual acrylic acid, if left above set limits, can irritate tissue or trigger allergic responses. Heavy metals also sneak in during production. Testing lots against published limits—like less than 0.1% residual monomer or fewer than 10 ppm lead—eliminates most risk.
I’ve spent over a decade consulting with pharmaceutical companies looking to expand in global markets. I run into the same hurdle—raw materials might pass inspection in one country, only to get flagged in another. Targeting the strictest global standards at the start avoids headaches. The focus lands on supplier vetting, full-scope batch analysis, and documented chains of custody. When a supplier can show certificates that tie back to international standards, confidence grows. Still, independent third-party lab testing seals the deal.
Some companies stick with suppliers in regions with strong regulatory oversight—Europe, Japan, or the United States. Others take their chances to save cost but risk batch recalls.
Manufacturers should lean into transparency. Releasing independent lab results boosts trust far more than broad marketing claims. Pharmacies and hospitals also win when ingredient origins are traceable. Open records and robust testing keep patient safety front and center.
Policymakers can nudge improvement by pushing for shared global standards. Instead of a patchwork approach, tighter syncing would make it easier for suppliers to meet requirements in every market.
Polyacrylic acid resin II works safely when makers keep quality and transparency top priorities. Skipping steps or hiding data carries too much risk—not just for companies, but for patients counting on their medicine every single day.
Anyone handling pharmaceutical raw materials like Polyacrylic Acid Resin II knows the stack of paperwork arriving with every shipment isn’t just for bureaucracy’s sake. Each document tracks quality, safety, and traceability. Over the years, I’ve dealt with both the eager startup and the careful multinational, and both ask the same thing: what really proves quality beyond the manufacturer's word?
The Certificate of Analysis (CoA) carries the most weight. You want more than promises. The CoA details batch-specific test results—moisture content, molecular weight, residual solvents, heavy metals profile, pH, viscosity, microbial limits, and so on. Each value gets checked against standards from British Pharmacopoeia (BP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP), or United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Listing test methods matters because an assay using a gas chromatograph speaks volumes over a quick color bar—you know the difference immediately.
It’s becoming normal (and smart) for quality managers to cross-reference these results directly against regulatory filings. One mislabeled specification, even on something routine like loss on drying, holds up production. Even in smaller labs, I’ve seen regulators ask for original CoAs just to confirm numbers line up. It’s a simple check with massive consequences if missing.
Quality doesn’t happen in a vacuum. Reliable suppliers include a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certificate. GMP isn’t just a buzzword. It means the production line gets staged, cleaned, and maintained under regular audit—typically by a recognized body or authority. I once received a shipment missing this certificate. After a few calls, it turned out the site had just switched cleaning agents—an easy fix, but only because the missing GMP certificate raised the question in time.
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) aren’t just forms for compliance. Any technician or warehouse hand wants quick access to hazard details. Polyacrylic Acid can be an irritant, and accidents do happen. I recall a colleague splashing some powder into his eyes. The right section of the SDS explained immediate steps (flush with water, seek medical advice), which beat a web search or gut instinct every time.
In recent years, ingredients of animal origin have caused more scrutiny. Reliable suppliers back each batch with TSE/BSE free statements, proving the polymer doesn’t come into contact with materials that could carry transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Many buyers also ask for allergen and GMO statements. It’s better to have these up front; last-minute paperwork delays impact everyone.
Shifting to digital platforms for document management saves headaches. Automated checks flag expiring GMP certificates and missing test results before shipping delays cascade. Some companies even let customers track documentation online. Sharing data among procurement, lab and compliance teams closes gaps—no more emails stuck in inboxes.
In my experience, the companies making documentation accessible tend to earn repeat orders. They don’t just move powder; they move trust. Thorough documentation protects end users and eases the burden on everyone in the supply chain.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | poly(1-carboxyethylene) |
| Other names |
Carbomer Carbopol Acrylic acid polymer PAA Poly(acrylic acid) Polyacrylate resin |
| Pronunciation | /ˌpɒli.əˈkrɪ.lɪk ˈæs.ɪd ˈrɛz.ɪn ˈtuː ˌbiːˈpiː ˌiːˈpiː ˌjuːˈɛsˈpiː ˈfɑːr.mə ˌɡreɪd/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 9003-01-4 |
| Beilstein Reference | 4126964 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:59941 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201472 |
| ChemSpider | 10107077 |
| DrugBank | DB09299 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 64-19-7 |
| EC Number | 9003-01-4 |
| Gmelin Reference | 81344 |
| KEGG | C18607 |
| MeSH | Dental Materials"[MeSH] |
| PubChem CID | 105391 |
| RTECS number | UNS3150000 |
| UNII | 7S0F7A0F53 |
| UN number | UN3263 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID1036267 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | (C3H4O2)n |
| Molar mass | 72.06 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white, hygroscopic, powder or granules |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.41 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | -4.47 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 4.5 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 13.0 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.500 |
| Viscosity | 400 to 900 mPa.s |
| Dipole moment | 1.74 D |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | A01AA30 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | May cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS labelling: "Warning; Exclamation mark; H315 Causes skin irritation; H319 Causes serious eye irritation; P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313, P337+P313 |
| Pictograms | GHS05 |
| Hazard statements | No hazard statements. |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | NFPA 704: 1-1-0 |
| Flash point | >100°C |
| LD50 (median dose) | > 2500 mg/kg (Rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | Not Listed |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | Not more than 0.5% |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Polyacrylic Acid Carbomer Acrylic Acid Polymethyl Methacrylate Polymethacrylic Acid Sodium Polyacrylate Polyvinyl Alcohol Polysorbate 80 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Croscarmellose Sodium |
Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
