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Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate BP EP USP Pharma Grade: An In-Depth Look

Historical Development

In the world of pharmaceutical science, evolution never winds down. Not long ago, researchers searching for more effective compounds turned their attention to complex molecules like Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate. The journey began with a need to bridge efficacy and biocompatibility. In the 1990s, as regulatory standards tightened, teams started investigating octanoic acid derivatives for their solubility and metabolic stability. With the rise of quality benchmarks set by BP, EP, and USP, producers adopted stricter purification techniques, and analytical labs pushed for deeper understanding. The focus moved from discovering the molecule to refining the processes, scaling up for the pharma industry's demands, and building databases cataloging every spectral fingerprint. This development brought the compound into the hands of more formulators and researchers who needed both quality and documentation.

Product Overview

Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate, with its unique blend of an octanoate backbone and an appended salicylamide moiety, stands apart through both its functional and structural profile. Its pharmaceutical grade forms, certified against BP, EP, and USP standards, guarantee tight control over contaminants, batch variability, and polymorphic content. The compound’s sodium salt format opens opportunities in both aqueous and buffered environments, making it a solid choice for developers looking for amphiphilic molecules that fit into both active and excipient roles. Packaged under strict guidelines, every batch comes with traceable certificates of analysis, and compliance stays at the forefront to meet the expectations of the industry and regulators.

Physical & Chemical Properties

The compound lands as a faintly off-white crystalline solid, melting just above ambient temperatures and dissolving quickly in water, but less so in non-polar solvents. Its molecular structure combines the hydrophilic carboxylate group with the lipophilic chain, allowing developers to fine-tune formulations. In IR spectra, the amide and hydroxyl peaks leave no mystery about their presence. Purity levels hit above 99% in most pharma-grade lots. Thermal stability stays solid up to 180°C, which helps during sterilization. The compound resists oxidation, and formulating chemists appreciate how little it absorbs moisture—a plus for stability in long-term storage.

Technical Specifications & Labeling

Suppliers must print technical details right on the label: chemical name, batch number, synthesis date, expiry, and storage recommendations. For the pharma grades, limits set by pharmacopoeias for heavy metals, loss on drying, specific rotation, and pH guide the quality team’s checks. Analytical methods like HPLC and NMR confirm identity and exclude isomeric impurities. Labels also carry hazard symbols and precautionary statements to guide safe handling even before someone opens the first drum. Manufacturers code outer packaging for traceability, enabling recall in the rare event of deviation.

Preparation Method

Lab syntheses once drove the development of Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate, but large-scale prep requires more robust controls these days. The route starts with salicylamide and octanoyl chloride, run through standard Schotten-Baumann conditions with sodium carbonate as the base to generate the sodium salt. Teams optimize stoichiometry to reign in costs and maximize yield. Recrystallization from ethanol or acetone follows; impurities drop out at this step. Every batch filters through carbon beds to strip out colored byproducts. Drying under reduced pressure ensures low residual solvent content, which matters for regulatory filings. Each crystallization run is logged, and deviations monitored to keep consistency tight from run to run.

Chemical Reactions & Modifications

The molecule handles mild redox and acidic or basic conditions without much breakdown, which suits it for a variety of modification schemes. Developers sometimes swap the octanoyl chain for longer or branched fatty chains to tune solubility or membrane permeability. The phenolic hydroxyl group can be protected and deprotected without incident, providing flexibility in multistep synthesis. Amide bonds lend themselves to replacement for introducing site-specific prodrugs. Researchers use catalytic hydrogenation to zap down any unwanted unsaturation in the starting materials—no guessing games about batch variability. The structure allows for halogenation at the aromatic ring, and more exotic modifications aim at building conjugates or cross-linkers for targeted therapeutic delivery.

Synonyms & Product Names

Over the years, Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate picked up a few different titles in scientific and commercial literature. You might encounter names like Sodium 8-Salicylamidooctanoate, Sodium Salicylamidooctanoate, or, in some circles, just “Salicylamido Caprylate Sodium Salt.” Some catalogs refer to it with trade abbreviations, counting on regular buyers to know the differences between isomers and salt forms. Cross-checking product codes between suppliers matters to avoid mix-ups—a technical discussion often unfolds over coffee in analytical labs when shipments arrive.

Safety & Operational Standards

Nobody underestimates the importance of safe handling. Material safety data sheets deliver the full rundown: gloves, splash goggles, fume hood. Particulates, especially as powders, demand careful weighing and transfer; nobody wants accidental inhalation incidents. Disposal follows local chemical waste regulations, tagged and escorted to licensed incinerators if necessary. On the operational side, facilities validate cleaning steps between batches and use closed systems for weighing and dispensing. Worker safety protocols mean regular training refreshers, and the real world respects strict documentary controls. Pharmaceutical users keep records for every gram, and end-of-life product never gets loose in wastewater systems.

Application Area

Hospitals and research clinics want reliable compounds, and Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate delivers through its performance profile. Formulators deploy it in topical creams for its amphiphilic nature, letting them bypass greasy residues while still carrying active agents across the skin. Some labs look at it as a solubilizer for drugs that always fought poor dissolution rates. Others dig into its role in sustained release matrices, leveraging the amide's hydrogen bonding to slow down the release curve. Its inclusion makes sense in everything from wound care to oral dosage forms, and data back up excipient safety at all relevant concentrations. On the industrial scale, it enters pilot batches for injectable drugs when hydrophobic actives need stabilization in saline.

Research & Development

On university benches and in industry pilot plants, researchers demand better predictive models and smarter process controls. High-resolution NMR and LC-MS track both major and trace impurities, pushing for even purer batches to keep up with shrinking permissible impurity thresholds. Process chemists aim for greener synthesis routes to cut down hazardous by-products; enzymatic catalysis enters early feasibility tests. Universities continue to examine its interaction with biological membranes, mapping permeability coefficients to predict behavior in experimental therapies. Each R&D cycle builds new records, offering insights to improve both product safety and manufacturing throughput.

Toxicity Research

Nobody launches a pharmaceutical ingredient without a deep dive into safety. In animal models, Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate gets checked for acute and chronic toxicity, especially when systemic absorption could run high. Studies flagged neither genotoxicity nor carcinogenicity at standard dosing, while in vitro work mapped minimal cytotoxicity in common mammalian cell lines. Metabolite analysis led to safety data sheets spelling out break-down products and long-term storage effects. Allergic sensitization studies, especially skin patch tests, gave product developers leeway for use in both systemic and dermal applications. Regulatory bodies, especially in the EU and US, demand full traceability on each toxicity report, and the compound’s clean record keeps it in good standing.

Future Prospects

The quest for better drug delivery and more predictable excipient performance guarantees Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate stays in focus. Formulations that need improved solubility and patient-tolerable dosing turn to ingredients that bring both legacy data and regulatory acceptance. Next-generation applications include nano-emulsions, injectable liposomes, and maybe even targeted gene therapies looking for amphiphilic carriers. Green chemistry will likely trim the carbon footprint of its production, with biocatalysts offering both higher yield and cleaner product. With every regulatory update, demand for higher purity and better documentation will shape its availability; labs able to deliver tighter specs will find plenty of customers.




What is Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate and what are its main pharmaceutical applications?

Understanding What Sets It Apart

Sodium 8-(2-hydroxybenzamido) octanoate might sound technical, but once you break it down, you begin to see why chemists and pharmacists keep an eye on it. This compound brings together fatty acid and salicylamide features, something that gives it an edge for specific drug development projects. Since it blends a carboxylate group with a benzamide structure, scientists can use it as more than just a chemical name on a bottle.

Main Pharmaceutical Applications

This molecule pulls its weight in the world of chelation. Chelation means grabbing hold of metal ions, and that ability helps in treating heavy metal poisoning. Lead and mercury poisoning are real threats in many parts of the world, and creating compounds that can latch onto these toxic metals and remove them is no small feat. Sodium 8-(2-hydroxybenzamido) octanoate partners up with these ions and helps clear them from the body through the kidneys.

Beyond that, its backbone opens the door for antibiotic research. With rising rates of bacterial resistance, developers look for building blocks that can target specific pathogens without harming healthy tissue. Studies show that derivatives of this molecule disrupt bacterial cell membranes, acting in a way that isn’t common among traditional antibiotics. Researchers value diversity when it comes to fighting infections, so adding another arrow to the therapeutic quiver counts for a lot.

Another crucial part ties to inflammation. Chronic inflammation underpins illnesses like arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease. As a molecule with roots in salicylic acid chemistry, Sodium 8-(2-hydroxybenzamido) octanoate brings anti-inflammatory potential to the table. It modulates immune signaling molecules, and drug companies often investigate this route when developing new painkillers and anti-inflammatory treatments.

Addressing Challenges in Modern Use

Producing pharmaceuticals isn’t just about what happens in a test tube. Every ingredient must pass safety hurdles before reaching any patient. In the case of Sodium 8-(2-hydroxybenzamido) octanoate, researchers have to rule out toxicity, make sure the compound breaks down properly inside the body, and be sure there’s no long-term harm. Real-world recalls and headline-making lawsuits have taught the whole industry to tread carefully.

Manufacturers face another set of challenges: scalability. Lab research might look promising, but moving from grams to kilograms means factories must guarantee consistent quality. Any variation in raw materials or process steps could mean the difference between a safe therapy and a costly setback. This is where tightly regulated GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) comes in. My experience working on small-molecule batch productions has shown that oversight and process validation save time and lives.

Pathways Forward

Not all promising compounds make it from the pipeline into pharmacies. Yet, interest in Sodium 8-(2-hydroxybenzamido) octanoate keeps building, particularly as resistant infections and industrial pollution stay in the news. Better screening methods, shared data between universities and pharmaceutical companies, and international safety standards help smooth the process.

Education also plays a role. When professionals understand the unique properties of compounds like this one, they can spot new uses or risks earlier. This kind of knowledge-sharing leads to safer medications and innovative solutions for persistent health issues.

Closing Thoughts

New tools in the medicinal chemistry toolkit bring hope for diseases that stubbornly resist older treatments. Digging into the details of molecules such as Sodium 8-(2-hydroxybenzamido) octanoate reveals not just chemistry but a path forward for many health problems. The answers may not come overnight, but progress usually starts with attention to detail—a lesson that’s held true through my time in the industry.

What are the specifications and purity standards for BP, EP, and USP pharma grades of this product?

What Sets BP, EP, and USP Pharma Grades Apart

Pharmaceuticals can’t afford to play loose with quality. The world relies on BP (British Pharmacopoeia), EP (European Pharmacopoeia), and USP (United States Pharmacopeia) standards to decide what counts as pure enough for safe medicine. Each region sets out its own tests and tolerances, sometimes using slightly different methods or definitions, so a material that qualifies under one might still face questions under another.

BP standards come straight from the United Kingdom. EP follows Europe’s collective approach. USP covers the United States. On the ground, this means a manufacturer must watch for subtle changes in the benchmarks for purity, moisture, heavy metals, and microbial content. The paperwork behind each standard reads like a contract, removing room for error or guesswork. I’ve assembled batches where the difference was a few decimal places—enough to matter in a clinical trial or regulatory audit.

Purity Standards: Not All Batches Are Equal

Purity isn’t just a number on paper. For BP, the expected content of an active material hovers very close to 99-101%, with limits on related substances that may ride along in the process. EP uses a similar window on assay values, often 99.0% to 101.0% of the labeled amount. The USP has its own table, pushing for a minimum content typically at 98.0% up to 102.0% (some items ask for even narrower bands, based on the risk profile). Each compendium identifies allowable impurities by type and by total, often dividing the limit across known and unknown compounds.

Heavy metals get close attention—lead, mercury, and arsenic have no place in pharmaceuticals, so BP and EP demand far less than a single part per million. USP’s Elemental Impurities chapter raises the bar, steering companies into much lower ranges, sometimes below detection by old methods. I remember a batch of excipient that skirted the limit, and the scramble that followed to trace the source and clean up the process. No pharmacist wants to wonder what else hides behind the label.

Microbial Quality and Water Content

On paper, these standards look similar: total aerobic microbial count needs to fall below a few hundred CFU per gram, and pathogens such as Salmonella or E. coli are strictly off-limits. The shape of the test—rapid or legacy—will follow the compendium’s recipe. Residual water matters too: BP and EP often call for Karl Fischer titration, so the right number comes from a clean, reproducible method. USP outlines the same expectation but may leave room for a loss on drying test, depending on the material type and risk.

How Experience Sheds Light On Compliance

It’s one thing to read tests in a booklet, and another to see what happens when authorities inspect or a customer requests a certificate of analysis. Regulators want proof that the line between food, cosmetic, and pharma grades stays bold—no shortcuts, no gray areas. I’ve worked with teams who caught impurities in the last hour, saving products from recall and patients from harm. One audit taught me that simple human errors—a mislabeled barrel, a skipped calibration—will show up faster in pharma than anywhere else.

Moving Toward Global Trust

Setting standards comes down to trust. Customers, pharmacists, and regulators expect every bottle to match what the book promises. Factories invest in better testing, transparent record-keeping, and frequent internal audits. Solutions start with clear protocols, ongoing training, and a habit of double-checking even the simple measurements. Shared data between certifying bodies and regular updates to the monographs help close gaps before they become recalls. Genuine quality flows from vigilance, not just from ticking boxes on a form.

How should Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate be stored and handled for optimal stability?

Doing Storage Right

Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate isn't a household name, but for labs working with custom surfactants or niche pharmaceutical pathways, it pays to treat this compound with a bit of respect. Stable storage starts with a clean, sealed bottle—dark glass for protection from light helps, and simple plastic containers do not cut it over the long run. I’ve seen sloppy storage take a pricey research material straight to the waste bin, all because someone tossed it near the autoclave or didn’t replace the cap securely.

Temperature swings ruin more samples than most people admit. Normal lab fridges, around 2–8°C, keep this sodium salt robust for months. At room temperature, shelf life falls off sharply, especially in damp regions. Benchtop heat, accidental sun exposure, or forgotten storage above incubators—these scenarios dry out or degrade the compound, often silently. So, the safest bet is a fridge shelf, away from acids, oxidizers, and that inevitable puddle from the defrosting freezer.

Controlling Air and Water

Moisture causes the most trouble. Just one open jar left next to a humidifier can start a chain reaction, with water sneaking into granules and turning powder into a sticky mess. I always toss in a silica gel packet inside the main bottle—not outside or on the shelf. Opening the bottle only in short bursts and working quickly close to the work area keeps the powder crisp.

Oxygen isn’t harmless either. Repeated handling with wet gloves lets in microscopic droplets; over time, this can impact not just texture but also chemical stability. In my experience, using small aliquots and transferring what you need for the week into secondary vials avoids contaminating the main stash. Keep the bulk bottle shut tight and far away from the fume hood’s unpredictable drafts.

Avoiding Accidental Contamination

Not all contamination shows up as a dramatic color shift or odor. Metal spatulas, poorly rinsed scoops, and ungloved fingers leave behind invisible traces. It’s best to run with pre-cleaned tools—plastic or ceramic—and always work on clean surfaces. If you see any change in appearance, chalky clumps or yellowish streaks, don’t guess. Lab notebook data holds up better in audits when backed by honest logs about storage hiccups, so log every withdrawal.

Tackling Stability with Organization

Label every container with the opening date and initials. Rotating older stock to the front and buying only what you’ll use in a quarter saves headaches. In bigger labs, putting a laminar flow hood to use during long weighing or splitting sessions can make a clear difference in keeping airborne junk out.

I’ve watched promising projects stall after a mismanaged aliquot or careless storage degraded material to uselessness. Sticking to well-ventilated, dry, cool areas with tight sealing habits and disciplined tool use will extend the practical lifetime of this compound. No need for gadgets or special coatings—just good habits, a bit of cool storage, and respect for the practical side of chemistry. Sometimes, that’s all it takes to make expensive science affordable and effective.

Is this product suitable for use in human pharmaceuticals, and does it have necessary regulatory documentation (CoA, MSDS)?

Regulatory Roadblocks and Professional Decisions

Anyone who has worked in pharmaceutical supply knows how strict the rules are. You don’t just pick a substance off the shelf and hope it finds its way into a medication for people. Clients and regulators ask tough questions. Manufacturing partners want paperwork. Scientists demand proof that an ingredient is not just pure, but held to the same standards across different batches. Without solid regulatory documentation and real traceability, no quality control team will ever sign off.

In my experience, product suitability always comes down to regulatory documentation and demonstrated safety. Certificates of Analysis (CoA) and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) aren’t just nice-to-haves—these are non-negotiables. The CoA serves as proof of what’s inside the product. It shows you exactly which tests were performed, lists the findings, and carries an authorized signature. One missing datapoint on a CoA, and the investigation starts. No one wants to take a risk, especially with patient safety at stake.

Pharmaceutical production doesn’t tolerate guesswork. Every reputable producer faces regular audits and sudden spot checks. Internal audits, external inspections from government bodies, client visits—they all demand full access to paperwork. I’ve had to sift through years of documents alongside inspectors looking for one batch that missed a test, so I know firsthand: missing documentation ends in lost business, or worse, regulatory actions.

Why MSDS and CoA Matter

Let’s get honest. MSDS is more than legal red tape. We use the MSDS to check chemical hazards, safe storage, and handling practices. Without this sheet, no one in a real-life plant will let staff near the product. When people’s health is on the line, trust gets built by showing everything upfront.

The CoA, meanwhile, speaks for quality. Suppose a supplier can’t provide a CoA—then users can’t be confident in the content, purity, or testing status. You simply won’t find a professional who risks blending undocumented materials into a prescription medication or an injectable drug. In my work with new suppliers, missing or questionable CoAs always means halting the relationship. No matter how attractive the price, unknowns carry too much risk.

Building Trust with the Right Documentation

Every responsible company submitting ingredients for drug development knows to prepare a full dossier. Beyond the CoA and MSDS, there’s usually a need for traceability: origin of raw materials, methods of synthesis, history of analytical data. Regulatory authorities—whether it’s the FDA in the United States or EMA in Europe—expect the full story, down to the source of every reagent used. If a product fails to meet pharmaceutical grade or lacks any supporting paperwork, it won’t get past a review.

There is a clear path forward for new suppliers and innovators. Give buyers exact specifications with paperwork that tracks every step from factory to finished product. Audits will go smoother, order volume climbs, and trust grows. Anything less just sends the buyer searching for another supplier.

What Works for the Future

New digital platforms can help keep documents organized and up to date, but nothing will replace professional diligence. No application for human pharmaceuticals moves forward without complete, transparent, and current documentation. Anyone bringing new materials to the industry must focus on thorough and honest compliance if they want a real spot on the market.

What are the available packaging sizes and lead times for bulk orders of this pharma grade material?

Packaging Choices Impact Operations

I’ve seen supply chain teams stress over the small stuff, but in the pharmaceutical world, packaging format isn’t just a detail—it’s a crucial decision. Most pharma grade bulk materials get packed in 25 kg fiber drums or high-density polyethylene drums. A handful of suppliers let clients order in flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) that hold up to 500 kg or even 1000 kg. These giant sacks cut down on handling time in busy production lines—less time wasted opening drums—and they help keep a tidy warehouse. Companies targeting smaller batch runs or doing pilot work will often stick with double-lined PE bags packed in 5 or 10 kg units, which are easier to move between rooms and weigh for each batch.

Matching Package Type to Product Sensitivity

Sensitive ingredients demand special care. Light-sensitive powders often go in opaque or amber drums to block UV. Some excipients clump the moment they touch air, so few suppliers use vacuum-sealed bags inside the drum, or they throw in desiccant packs to guard against tropical warehouse humidity. That extra layer keeps the goods stable. It’s worth checking how the supplier packs and seals—all it takes is a poorly taped lid or a thin liner to set off a ruined batch or a rejected shipment.

Lead Times: Fast Quotes Don’t Always Mean Fast Delivery

Lead times reveal a lot about a supplier. Global pharma buyers typically see windows between four and eight weeks for widely-used materials. Anything shipped from North America or Europe tends to arrive a little faster, but big buyers in Latin America and Southeast Asia often wait longer—shipping bottlenecks and customs inspections lead to delays. When raw materials are rare or demand suddenly jumps (think pandemic-level disruption), timelines stretch out more.

A backup lot held by the supplier can change everything. The fastest shipments I’ve seen came from partners who kept certified lots stored under validated conditions. For common ingredients—lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate—some reliable vendors can send drums out the door within three days. Products that call for additional testing or release by a Qualified Person, including APIs or controlled substances, almost always take a couple of weeks longer.

Communication and Documentation Make a Difference

Paperwork rules this field. Each batch’s certificate of analysis, MSDS, and packing confirmation must match up before the goods clear customs. Smart buyers review draft paperwork in advance, so that errors don’t block entry at the border. Direct, no-nonsense communication with the supplier’s technical team also helps—those who rush the process without clarifying packaging specs or stability concerns often end up with mismatched product or extra fees.

What Works: Advice from the Field

Demand for faster supply runs tight up against regulatory rigor. Proof of GDP-compliant shipping, photographic evidence of intact containers, and stability data for the chosen packaging all matter. No manager wants to hear a key tablet line stands silent while questioning if a drum liner failed and let in moisture. Insist on a trial sample in the same packaging format as the bulk order. Run it through your weighing and blending steps to spot clumping or dusting.

Supply chain hiccups will never disappear entirely, but a sharp procurement lead can cut risk. Choosing right-sized packaging, verifying material origin, confirming batch release specs, and setting realistic lead time expectations—all make sure production won’t grind to a halt. For every batch, for every shipment, the details matter.

Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate BP EP USP Pharma Grade
Names
Preferred IUPAC name sodium 8-[(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]octanoate
Other names Sodium 8-(2-hydroxybenzamido)octanoate
Sodium o-hydroxybenzamidooctanoate
Sodium 8-(salicylamido)octanoate
Sodium 2-hydroxy-N-octanoylbenzamide
Pronunciation /ˈsəʊdiəm eɪt ˈtuː ˈhaɪdrɒksɪˈbɛnzəˌmiːdəʊ ɒkˈteɪnəʊeɪt biː piː iː piː juː ɛs piː ˈfɑːrmə ɡreɪd/
Identifiers
CAS Number 1809-19-4
Beilstein Reference 1707933
ChEBI CHEBI:134709
ChEMBL CHEMBL2106388
ChemSpider 2244918
DrugBank DB14096
ECHA InfoCard 03-211-9399917899-41-0000
EC Number NA
Gmelin Reference 606241
KEGG C14342
MeSH D08.811.277.040.590.800
PubChem CID 164881
RTECS number WC9800000
UNII H9B896651R
UN number UN2817
Properties
Chemical formula C15H21NO4Na
Molar mass 329.40 g/mol
Appearance White to off-white powder
Odor Odorless
Density Density: "1.2 g/cm³
Solubility in water Soluble in water
log P -1.3
Vapor pressure Negligible
Acidity (pKa) 7.4
Basicity (pKb) 11.5
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) \[-26.5 \times 10^{-6} \text{ cm}^3/\text{mol}\]
Refractive index (nD) 1.564
Dipole moment 5.6 ± 0.2 D
Pharmacology
ATC code A16AX – Other drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract and metabolism
Hazards
Main hazards May cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. Harmful if swallowed.
GHS labelling GHS02, GHS07
Pictograms GHS07, GHS09
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements H315, H319, H335
Precautionary statements Precautionary statements: P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P501
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (median dose): **>2000 mg/kg (oral, rat)**
PEL (Permissible) PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) for Sodium 8-(2-Hydroxybenzamido) Octanoate is not specifically established by OSHA or ACGIH.
REL (Recommended) 200 mg to 400 mg per day
Related compounds
Related compounds Sodium octanoate
8-Aminooctanoic acid
2-Hydroxybenzamide
Sodium salicylate
Octanoic acid
Sodium benzoate
Sodium caprylate