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Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate is a solid chemical compound recognized in the pharmaceutical world for its purity and repeatable quality. Labeled under BP, EP, and USP grades, it works as more than just a basic ingredient. With the chemical formula Na2HPO4·12H2O, the material features twelve water molecules attached to each unit, which gives it its distinctive crystalline structure and flow. On sight, it usually appears as large, clear, colorless crystals or heavy white flakes, often traded as powder, pearls, or occasionally as chunky solids. It dissolves easily in water, making it a choice for high-purity buffer solutions and liquid mixes that form the backbone of pharmaceutical production lines.
What sets disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate apart? The density stands at about 1.52 g/cm3. The crystals, cool and dry to the touch, break down in just a cup of warm water with little coaxing, and the solution remains clear. The melting point runs low, around 35°C, so storage in a steady, cool, and ventilated area keeps the product reliable. In practice, these characteristics mean easy measurement, low hazard during transfer, and fewer complications for pharmaceutical engineers working in humid environments. Each flake, each pearl, each grain, carries the full complement of attached water, so the material stays true to form batch after batch.
Tight regulations surround pharmaceutical chemicals, and disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate holds certification under British Pharmacopoeia (BP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP), and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) standards. Purity goals sit above 99%, which makes it a preferred raw material for injectable solutions, dialysis fluids, and even some oral medicines. The specifications cover not just percentage of active compound but also acceptable limits for heavy metals, insoluble matter, and pH in solution (generally between 8.0 and 9.5 for a 5% solution).
For trade and customs, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate fits under HS Code 2835.22, which covers phosphates of sodium. Handling and transport require clear documentation. From my time working in procurement, customs offices rarely miss a detail, so proper coding speeds up shipments and helps avoid costly delays. Manufacturers and importers must list both the chemical’s grade and its intended use on documents, especially when government authorities review pharmaceutical supply chains.
Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate continues to score high ratings as a raw material in pharmaceutical labs. Formulators regularly turn to it as a reliable buffer, helping to maintain precise pH levels in critical IV formulations and biologics. Its high purity and stable nature mean fewer contaminants, which directly connects to patient safety. In my experience, process engineers like having a material that behaves the same way each order; it means fewer recalibrations, lower waste, and honest repeatability in high-risk workflows. Because the crystalline form survives regular handling and doesn’t create dust like some other powders, less ends up in the air, leading to safer environments for technicians.
It’s easy to assume that any pharmaceutical-grade chemical is innately safe, yet disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate deserves respect in the storeroom. Contact with large quantities can irritate skin or eyes and, if mishandled or spilled, the hydration water increases slip risks on warehouse floors. Proper PPE (personal protective equipment) reduces accidents, and accessible MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) help staff understand what steps to take in a spill or accidental contact. While not classified as a hazardous chemical under most transport codes, bulk powder can cause mild respiratory irritation during loading and unloading; well-ventilated filling lines counteract this.
Beyond the basics, the molecular weight sits at 358.14 g/mol. This figure anchors the calculations every lab tech depends on for formulation. In solution, this phosphate acts as a versatile buffer, controlling pH and stabilizing sensitive active ingredients. The dissolving process generates a slightly alkaline solution, perfect for intravenous blends where precision trumps brute force. Both the solid and liquid forms keep well when sealed; exposure to open air draws moisture rapidly, so manufacturers seal shipments tight.
Direct experience in handling shows why the form matters. In labs and factories, the solid version—whether as flakes, powder, or crystals—measures cleanly on balances, pours without caking, and stores efficiently in high-density bins. The hydrated form melts at low temps, which means accidental exposure to heat during transit turns tidy flakes into clumps. The solution form offers pre-weighed convenience, favored for quick batch work and liquid filling stations, requiring only basic safety gloves and eyewear during mixing.
Pharma-grade disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate presents challenges, from securing uninterrupted supplies to preventing cross-contamination. Sourcing from certified suppliers solves a big piece of the traceability puzzle. The move toward tighter documentation, serialization of raw materials, and double-checking labels at handoff keeps product quality high. Unbroken cold chains for storage and secure vehicle seals make a difference. Dry powder handling systems, closed transfer lines, and on-site pH checks streamline daily work, reduce mistakes, and cut down on lost product.
The place of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate in modern pharmaceutical science can’t be overstated. It’s not just about meeting a minimum chemical standard—this material needs to work reliably every time, under pressure, for treatments that matter. Reliable supply, firm hazard controls, and practice-driven handling guidelines combine to deliver results for medicine makers, lab techs, and everyone who depends on pure chemistry for safer health solutions.
Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
